Pencegahan Acid Mine Drainage Melalui Pengendalian PopulasiThiobacillus spp Dengan Bahan Organik Tanah=Acid Mine Drainage Restriction by Controlling Population ofThiobacillus spp with Soil Organic Enrichment
Acid mine drainage is the biggest problem in ex-mining sites. It caused by oxidation of sulphidic minerals releasing sulphate to the environment. In consequence, it increases heavy metals solubility, both in soil and water, due to acidity generating. The phenomenon is aggravated by inhabiting sulphur-oxidizing bacteria (BOS), such as Thiobacillus spp. These microbes will fold AMD 500.000 - 1.000.000 times faster than geo- chemically reaction. They are lithotrophs organisms that will be inhibited with soil organic matter (SOM). This research is aimed to observe the influence of SOM on BOS population. Thiobacillus ferrooxidans was cultured in selected Starkey Medium enriched with sludge and top soil as SOM sources. Growth of bacteria indicated with medium color alteration to reddish. Soil pH, CEC and sulphate concentration also assessed to examine the soil improvement by SOM application. The result shown that, SOM was effective to limit the growth of BOS. SOM can improve soil pH and CEC, significantly after 10 days application. It is recommended that to deal with AMD in ex-mining sites can be ameliorated organic matter to the soil.
Air asam tambang (AAT) merupakan masalah paling krusial pada lahan-lahan bekas tambang. Penyebabnya adalah adanya oksidasi mineral sulfidik sehingga sulfat terlepas. Akibatnya pH lingkungan menurun secara drastis. Keadaan ini akan diperparah dengan kehadiran bakteri pengoksidasi sulfur (BOS), misalnya Thiobacillus spp. Hadirnya BOS akan memacu AAT 500 ribu - 1 juta kali lipat dibandingkan dengan reaksi geokimia. BOS bersifat ototrof sehingga dapat dihambat dengan bahan organik. Percobaan dilakukan di laboratorium menggunakan biakan T. ferrooxidans yang dibiakkan pada medium Starkey. Bahan organik yang digunakan adalah ekstrak sludge industri kertas dan top soil. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada medium yang ditambah ekstrak sludge atau ekstrak top soil BOS tidak dapat tumbuh. Dengan demikian, salah satu usaha untuk mencegah terjadinya air asam tambang adalah dengan meningkatkan kandungan bahan organik tanah.
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